Action Women's Day in South Africa: The incredible March that started it all in 1956!
Photo Cred: South African History Online

The 1956 Women’s March in South Africa was a historic demonstration of unity and strength, where 20,000 women of all races protested against pass laws, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to inspire the fight for gender equality today.

 

Pretoria, South Africa (09 August 2019) – Throughout South Africa’s rich history, the role of women shines brightly, marked by stories of courage, resilience, and unity. For decades, women have led the charge for change, driving the movements that have shaped our nation. Among these powerful moments, the historic Women’s March of 1956 stands out – a courageous act of defiance against oppression that paved the way for the freedoms we cherish today.

On 9 August 1956, an estimated 20,000 women from all corners of South Africa converged on Pretoria in a powerful display of unity.

These women, representing all races, cultures, and backgrounds, came together under the banner of the Federation of South African Women (FSAW). Their mission was clear: to oppose the introduction of pass laws for black women—a policy that threatened to further curtail the freedoms of millions.

The organisation behind this monumental event, the FSAW, was a coalition of women’s groups, including the ANC Women’s League, determined to amplify the female voice within the broader anti-apartheid movement. A year earlier, they had contributed to the Congress of the People, helping to shape the Freedom Charter by submitting their own demands, which included equal pay, access to education, and childcare provisions. By 1956, their focus had shifted to the urgent need to stop the pass laws from extending their grip on black women.

The day of the protest was meticulously planned to maximize participation. Held on a Thursday, the traditional day off for black domestic workers, the march ensured that a large contingent of women could attend. They arrived in Pretoria by train, bus, and on foot, assembling in small groups to avoid raising suspicion. As they streamed into the Union Buildings, the seat of the South African government, the atmosphere was electric yet disciplined.

The leaders of this historic march—Lillian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu, and Sophia Williams-De Bruyn—led the way with grace and determination. The women gathered in the amphitheatre of the Union Buildings, a powerful symbol of the government’s authority, and filled it with a sea of faces united in purpose. The sight was nothing short of breathtaking. Women dressed in traditional attire, Congress colours of green, black, and gold, and even some with babies on their backs, stood shoulder to shoulder in solidarity. Domestic workers even brought along the white children they cared for, demonstrating a peaceful yet firm resistance.

A highlight of the event was the presentation of a petition, painstakingly crafted by the FSAW and printed by the Indian Youth Congress. The petition voiced the deep concerns of the women of South Africa: the breaking up of homes, the humiliation of women under pass laws, and the loss of freedom to move freely. It was a clarion call for justice that resonated deeply with everyone present. However, when they arrived at the Prime Minister’s office, the women were met with silence—no officials were there to receive them. Undeterred, they left the petitions at the office door and, in a moment of profound symbolism, stood in absolute silence for 30 minutes, a powerful display of their resolve.

Before departing, the women sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika,’ the anthem of hope and unity, filling the air with a sense of triumph and solidarity. Those who participated described the experience as deeply moving and transformative. It was a day that forever altered the perception of women in South Africa. The FSAW, barely two years old at the time, had proven itself as a formidable force, gaining immense respect and recognition.

The legacy of the 1956 Women’s March continues to inspire and uplift South Africans today. The march demonstrated that women were not only capable but essential to the fight for freedom and justice. The impact of that day is still felt, as 9 August is now celebrated as National Women’s Day, a public holiday that serves as both a remembrance of past struggles and a reminder of the ongoing fight for gender equality.

Since 1994, the representation of women in government has seen a remarkable increase, growing from a mere 2.7% in Parliament to nearly 48% across various levels of government. This progress is a direct result of the courage and determination shown by the women of 1956.

National Women’s Day continues to shine a light on the significant issues that women still face today—domestic violence, unequal pay, and sexual harassment, to name a few. Yet, it also celebrates the incredible strides that have been made, the victories won, and the unbreakable spirit of South African women.

The 1956 Women’s March was not just a protest; it was a declaration of the unstoppable power of women united for a common cause. As we commemorate this day each year, we are reminded of the extraordinary achievements of those women and are inspired to continue their legacy. The march may have started in Pretoria, but its impact has echoed throughout history, influencing generations of women who stand on the shoulders of these giants, ever ready to continue the march towards a brighter, more equal future.


Sources: South African History Online 
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Brent Lindeque is the founder and editor in charge at Good Things Guy.

Recognised as one of the Mail and Guardian’s Top 200 Young South African’s as well as a Primedia LeadSA Hero, Brent is a change maker, thought leader, radio host, foodie, vlogger, writer and all round good guy.

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